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High-Frequency Switching Power Supply Principles: Differences Between High-Frequency Transformers and Pulse Transformers

Views: 89     Author: Alice     Publish Time: 2025-06-24      Origin: Site

I. Fundamental Differences

  1. High-frequency transformer: Power transformer operating above medium frequency (10kHz).

  2. Pulse transformer: Wide-bandwidth transformer.

II. Application Differences

  1. High-frequency transformer:

    • Main application: High-frequency switching power transformers in switching power supplies

    • Secondary application: High-frequency inverter power transformers in inverter power supplies and welding machines

  2. Pulse transformer:

    • Radar and conversion technology

    • Matching load resistance to transmission line characteristic impedance

    • Step-up/down of pulse voltage

    • Pulse polarity reversal

    • Isolation between primary and secondary circuits

    • Phase relationship acquisition via multiple secondary windings

III. Operational Principles

  1. High-frequency transformer:

    • Must minimize leakage inductance and distributed capacitance during design

    • Reason: Transmits high-frequency pulse square waves where parasitics cause:
      • Surge currents
      • Voltage spikes
      • Top oscillation (ringing)
      • Increased losses

  2. Pulse transformer:

    • Converts sine-wave input to narrow-pulse output using core's magnetic saturation

High-Frequency Transformer
Power transformer operating >10kHz. Primarily used as:

  • Switching power transformers in switching power supplies

  • Inverter power transformers in inverter supplies/welding machines
    Frequency classifications:
    10kHz-50kHz, 50kHz-100kHz, 100kHz-500kHz, 500kHz-1MHz, >10MHz

Pulse Transformer
Wide-bandwidth transformer. For communication applications:

  • Nonlinear distortion is critical performance indicator

  • Must operate at core's initial permeability

  • Requires larger size even for low-power units (e.g. input transformers)
    Key design focuses:

  • Frequency response optimization

  • Loss reduction

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