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The internal working principle of speakers and their impact on timbre
The sound core of a loudspeaker is a dynamic horn, which relies on the interaction between a permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field. When the magnetic field lines are cut, the force generated causes the diaphragm of the horn to undergo piston like motion, compressing air and generating sound waves. This design dominates the current audio market
Although the design of speakers involves many complex structures, our main focus now is on the performance parameters of the speakers and how they affect the sound we hear.
The performance parameters of speakers are numerous, among which the most basic include TS parameters, covering 17 key indicators. These parameters provide us with standards for evaluating horn performance and help us understand the performance of horns in practical applications.
Here is a partial list of TS parameters:
1. Revc, 2. Fo, 3. Sd, 4. Krm, 5. Erm, 6. Kxm, 7. Exm, 8. Vas, 9. Cms, 10. Mmd, 11. Mms, 12. BL, 13. Qms, 14. Qes, 15. Qts, 16. No, 17. SPLo。
Next, we will explore the correlation between these parameters and the sounds we hear in our daily lives.
Among them, Fo represents the lowest resonance frequency of the horn. This frequency is closely related to the smoothness (Cms) and vibration mass (Mms) of the horn. Generally speaking, in order to achieve better low-frequency response, we need the horn to have greater vibration smoothness and sufficient vibration mass. This means that the diameter of the horn needs to be large, the vibration ring needs to be wide, and even the path of the shockwave vibration needs to be long enough. However, excessive vibration and mass may also cause problems, such as uneven cutting of magnetic lines between electromagnetic and permanent magnets, as well as reduced sound output.
Another important parameter is the mechanical damping coefficient (Qms), which is closely related to the material of the speaker's voice coil. The voice coil is a key component that generates electromagnetic fields and is typically made of the following materials: KSV (semi transparent brown material), ASV (aluminum material), and TIL (opaque brown material). The selection of these materials will directly affect the Qms value, which in turn affects the sound localization characteristics of the speaker. For example, speakers made of ASV material typically have a more forward sound, while speakers made of KSV material have a slightly backward sound. TIL material provides a neutral option.
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